Jobs lost, jobs gained: What the future of work will mean for jobs, skills, and wages Will your job exist in the next decade? This is a question millions are asking as automation, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning reshape industries globally. According to McKinsey Global Institute, by 2030, up to 800 million jobs could be lost due to automation, while 555 million new jobs might emerge. This changing landscape sparks anxiety, but it also opens doors for new careers, skills, and income opportunities.
Since this article was first published, McKinsey has continued to delve deeper into the evolving future of work. Below is a summary of our latest findings.
The past few years have brought significant disruption to the labor market. The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a once-in-a-generation shift in both personal and professional lives. In response, nearly 90% of organizations have adopted hybrid work models, allowing employees to work remotely at least part of the time.
Now, the rapid rise of AI and automation is set to reshape the workforce once again. The critical question is: what will this transformation look like?
According to McKinsey’s latest research, demand is expected to grow sharply for high-skill professionals, especially in healthcare and STEM-related fields. Conversely, roles such as administrative staff, production workers, and customer service representatives are likely to see declining demand.
Automation—fueled by generative AI (gen AI)—will increasingly take over repetitive tasks. Current AI technologies already have the potential to automate up to 70% of tasks employees perform today.
These changes could force up to 12 million workers in the U.S. and Europe to transition into new roles. For lower-wage workers, this shift underscores the urgent need for upskilling and reskilling programs to help them stay competitive in a rapidly changing job market.
1. Jobs Lost: Roles Most at Risk
Many routine and repetitive jobs face automation threats:
- Manufacturing & Factory Jobs – Robotics replacing manual assembly lines.
- Administrative Roles – AI handling data entry, payroll, and scheduling.
- Retail & Cashier Positions – Self-checkout kiosks and online shopping growth.
- Transportation Jobs – Rise of self-driving vehicles impacting trucking and delivery services.
Fact: The World Economic Forum predicts 85 million jobs may disappear by 2025 due to automation.
2. Jobs Gained: Emerging Roles & Sectors
While some jobs vanish, others will flourish:
- Technology & AI Development – Software engineers, AI specialists, and cybersecurity experts.
- Healthcare & Personal Care – Growing demand for nurses, therapists, and elderly care providers.
- Green Economy & Renewable Energy – Solar technicians, sustainability consultants, and environmental engineers.
- Creative & Digital Content – Graphic designers, animators, writers, and social media strategists.
Stat: LinkedIn reports a 74% increase in hiring for digital content roles over the past two years.
3. Essential Future Skills to Thrive
Adapting to change requires learning new skills:
- Digital Literacy – AI, data analysis, and coding fundamentals.
- Critical Thinking & Problem Solving – Navigating complex tasks technology can’t handle.
- Emotional Intelligence (EQ) – Human skills that AI can’t replicate.
- Adaptability & Continuous Learning – Staying agile in a changing market.
Insight: 94% of business leaders say employees must pick up new skills on the job by 2030 (World Economic Forum).
4. Wages Impact: Who Wins and Who Loses?
The wage gap may widen in the coming decade:
- High-skill, tech-driven jobs command higher salaries.
- Low-skill, manual jobs risk wage stagnation or loss.
- Demand for skilled workers in AI, robotics, and healthcare will drive competitive pay.
- Routine job wages face downward pressure due to oversupply and automation.
Fact: By 2030, the demand for STEM professionals could increase wages in the sector by 20-30%.
5. How to Prepare for the Future of Work
Stay ahead with proactive steps:
✅ Upskill Regularly – Invest in certifications and digital courses.
✅ Focus on Human-Centric Roles – Emotional intelligence and creativity matter.
✅ Embrace Lifelong Learning – Industries evolve fast; stay informed.
✅ Explore Growing Sectors – Healthcare, technology, and sustainability fields are booming.
FAQs
1. What types of jobs will disappear due to automation?
Routine jobs like manufacturing, data entry, and cashier roles are at high risk.
2. Which industries will create the most new jobs?
Technology, healthcare, green energy, and digital content creation will boom.
3. What skills are essential for the future of work?
Digital literacy, critical thinking, emotional intelligence, and adaptability.
4. How will wages change in the future workforce?
High-skill roles will see wage increases, while low-skill jobs may face stagnation.
5. Will AI completely replace humans in the workforce?
No, AI will handle repetitive tasks, but human-centric roles will remain essential.
6. How can I future-proof my career?
Invest in upskilling, focus on tech and human skills, and stay adaptable.
Conclusion
The future of work promises both disruption and opportunity. While some jobs will vanish, new, exciting roles will emerge. Upskilling, adaptability, and embracing technology are the keys to thriving in this shifting landscape. Start preparing now to secure your place in the workforce of tomorrow.